高考英语备考 高考英语非谓语动49题整理
高考英语备考 高考英语非谓语动词49题（三）
高考临近，以下是有关高考英语非谓语动词的一些重要归纳，希望对大家有所帮助！
31. After describing the planned improvements, she went on _______ how much they would cost.
A. to explain B. explaining
C. to be explaining D. having explained
32. Please excuse me _______ your letter by mistake.
A. to open B. to have opened
C. for opening D. in opening
33. Please remember _______ the plants while I’m away.
A. watering B. to be watering
C. to water D. being watering
34. Certainly I posted your letter — I remember ______ it.
A. posting B. to post
C. to be posting D. have posted
35. Stop _______ me to hurry up. I can only go so fast.
A. to tell B. telling
C. to have told D. having told
36. Remember _______ off the light when _______ to bed.
A. turning, going B. to turn, to go
C. turning, to go D. to turn, going
37. _______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give
C. Giving D. Given
38. _______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded
C. Founded D. Founding
39. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ________.
A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars
40. The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging
C. hangs D. being hung
41. With a lot of difficult problems ________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. setting
C. to settle D. being settled
42. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen
C. seeing D. seen
43. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
44. “Good morning. Can I help you?” “I’d like to have this package _______.”
A. be weighed B. to be weighed
C. to weigh D. weighed
45. What have we said _______ her so happy?
A. makes B. to make
C. made D. has made
46. What worried the child most was ______ to visit his mother in the hospital.
A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed
C his being not allowed D. having not being allowed
47. “Which sweater is yours?” “The one _______ No. 9.”
A. that marked B. was marked with
C. which marked D. marked with
48.If the car won’t start, _____ it.
A. try push B. try pushing
C. to try pushing D. to try to push
49. They stayed up until midnight _____ the old year out and the new year in.
A. and saw B. to see
C. seeing D. for seeing
高考状元经验谈：高一英语的学习方法
编者按：小编为大家收集发布了高中英语学习方法：高考状元经验谈：高一英语的学习方法，希望对大家有所帮助。
高考状元经验谈：高一英语的学习方法
英语学习应从听、说、读、写四个方面入手。
1、 听什么
听录音。要想提高英语听力，仅靠课堂上的录音是远远不够的，课下也要大量听录音。录音不应该选择过于难的，最好是和英语教科书配套的录音资料。要选择原声材料，这样可以纠正发音。
听英代节目。电视有英语新闻，收音机有英代讲座，这都是相当好的听力材料，而且它们的发音都比较纯正，比如英国的 BBC 英代广播等，经常听这些英语节目，对学习英语是大有裨益的。刚开始可能听不懂，但不要着急，只要坚持不懈，就会逐渐听懂的。
另外，如果条件允许，还可以多和外国人进行交谈，这样对提高听力的帮助更大。
2、 怎样说
语言的最重要的作用之一就是交流，说是交流最常用的方式。要学好英语，一定要多说多练，要敢于用英语同别人进行交流。交流时，注意美式英语和英式英语的区别，注意语势、词调等，还要特别注意自己的发音。
英语课上要尽量说英语，少说汉语。
日常生活中也要多说。为什么我们的汉语说得这么流畅哪?因为我们天天在说，时时在用，学习英语也一样，一定要多说、勤说、抓住一切机会说。
3、读什么
读是英语四大基本技能之一，被很多专家和有经验的英代学者视为最有效的学习方法。
多读单词、短语、句型，多读课代。在多读的基础上背诵课代是比较好的。书读百遍，其义自见，讲的就是这个道理。
多读是英语学习比较有效的方法，它可以使你熟悉单词、短语、句型、增加词汇，能够提高判断能力、听说能力和阅读速度，同时能够加强口语，培养语感。
4、怎样写
抄写课代是比较好的英语学习方法。抄的时候，眼、耳、口、手、脑全要工作，眼睛看着，耳朵听着，口里念着，手下写着，脑袋里思考着。同时用英代写日记、记随感，也能提高我们的英语水平。
英语学习要将听、说、读、写四种能力综合起来，才更见效。
浅谈英语自主学习能力的培养
摘要：终身学习是社会每个成员为适应社会发展和实现个体发展的需要，为此，每个社会成员都应学会并掌握自主学习、自我教育的能力。新课程改革也强调学生学习方式的转变，倡导构建以学生为主体的自主学习模式。因此，培养学生学习的自主性、培养学生自主学习的能力，是我们当前应积极探究的一个重要课题。本文结合作者的英语教学实践，认为学生的学习兴趣、学习信心、学习方法、学习习惯，是培养、构建学生的自主学习能力的重要因素，并就此作一些初步的探索。
关键词：英语自主学习兴趣信心方法习惯
21世纪科技不断发展，新知识、新技术不断涌现，学会学习、终身学习成为人们生存和发展的需要。因此，我们基础教育阶段的学校教育重点在于培养学生自主学习、自我教育的能力，使之学会学习。
新课程改革也强调学生学习方式的转变，倡导构建以教师为主导、学生为主体的“自主学习”模式，在《基础教育课程改革纲要》中提出了“……教学过程中应……注重培养学生的独立性和自主性……促进学生在教师指导下主动地、富有个性地学习”，英语新课程标准也明确规定，基础教育阶段英语课程的任务是“激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，使学生树立自信心，养成良好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略，发展自主学习的能力和合作精神……为他们终身学习和发展打下良好的基础”。
作为世界通用语言，英语在我国有成千上万的人在学习，然而因为缺乏良好的交际使用环境，难以“习得”，主要还是通过“学习”这一方式。因此英语的教与学相当关键，特别是学习者的自主学习能力，对英语的学习效果至关重要——正如著名外语教学专家M .韦斯特所说：“外语是学会的，不是教会的”。
综上所述，英语教学过程中，重点不在于我们教会了学生多少单词或几个语言点，而在于如何培养学生的自主学习能力。当然，自主学习能力的养成，不是一朝一夕的事情，需要不断地进行科学的“教育干预”，更需要符合学习者自身的学习策略的指导。结合英语教学实践，我认为激发兴趣、树立信心、传授方法、培养习惯是促成学生自主学习能力发展的有效手段。
一、学习兴趣的激发
兴趣是一种带有情绪色彩的认识倾向，是推动人去认识事物、探索真理的一种重要动机。当学生对某一学科产生学习兴趣时，他就会产生力求掌握知识的理智感，使大脑感官处于最活跃状态 高三，引起学习中的高度注意，使思维更加活跃、想象更加丰富、记忆更加牢固，能抑制疲劳，产生愉快情绪，能够最佳地接受教学信息。因此，新课程十分关注学生的情绪生活和情感体验，课程标准更把激发学生学习兴趣，使学生尝到学习的乐趣作为重要的目标提了出来。
那么，在教学过程中如何激发学生的学习兴趣、使学生感兴趣地进行自主学习呢？我认为，有趣的学习内容、快乐的学习过程是激发学生学习兴趣的重要因素——有乐趣，才会有兴趣，正如英语的一句谚语"Education must be fun"。因此，新课程在教材内容上尽量遴选学生喜闻乐见的事件，同时注意教材的开放性和弹性，在合理安排基本课程内容的基础上，给地方、学校、老师留有选择、开发的空间和余地，允许教师根据需要自由删减、补充、替换教材教学内容。此外，教学过程中，教师也应注意采取灵活多样、生动有趣的教学方法、手段，讲讲笑话、做做游戏、排演小品、观摩影视作品等。例如，在给学生讲英语的同音词two/too/to的时候，我给学生讲了这么一个故事：
话说有个英语初学者，刚刚学完one two three four five。一天上街坐公交车，不小心踩了一老外的脚，于是赶紧说了一句："I am sorry"。老外心想公交这么挤，踩踏难免的，礼节性地回了一句："I am sorry too"。这人一听"sorry two"?，嘿，跟我较劲比客气？于是冲口就来："I am sorry three！"老外一愣，懵了："What are you sorry for？"这人一听"sorry four"，心想，four都出来了，咱中国礼仪之邦，可不能输给他，于是赶紧更诚恳地说："ok，I am sorry Five!!! "
通过这个笑话，学生在欢笑之余也知道了two/too,four/for这两组同音词，课堂氛围随之活跃，学习兴趣也被调动起来。
二、学习信心的树立
自信亦称自信心，是一个人相信自己的能力的心理状态，是对自己实力的正确估计和积极肯定，是心理健康的一种表现，是学习、事业成功的有利心理条件。
做任何事情，仅仅有兴趣是远远不够的，如果缺乏信心，那么，这样的兴趣是不能持久的，学习更是如此。很多人可能都有这样的学习体验：对于一门学科，在我们刚刚接触并学习它的时候并不会讨厌它，对某个学科的厌烦甚至抵触的心理是在学习的过程中逐渐产生并恶化的。教学内容枯燥乏味，课堂教学单调沉闷是造成这一问题的原因之一。而另一个主要的原因在于学生感到学习负担过重，对学习失去了信心。
因此，我们应注意培养学生学习的自信心。当学生对学习充满自信，学习对其而言，将不再是种负担，学习也才能更积极、更主动。
那么，如何培养、增强学生的学习自信呢？在英语教学过程中，我认为应注意以下两点：
1. 包容错误，不过度纠偏
鼓励是帮助初学者克服学习英语困难的良好方法，在学生学习语言过程中，出现语法错误是难免的，对此老师要给予包容，不要轻易责备学习有困难的学生，不要生硬地纠正学生的错误，就像我们每个人牙牙学语时父母对我们的鼓励让我们最终学会说话，老师的包容能够让学生有更好的勇气和信心学好英语。因此，在情景对话或者书面表达中，当学生出现"I go to school yestoday"、"He did not asks me"这样的表达错误时，我没有当场生硬地打断或特别揪出来做更正，只是稍加提示；因为对于这类错误，学生能明白也能纠正，只是没有养成正确的使用习惯而已。当然，发现学生始终出现这种错误时，则应结合具体语境让学生有更多的机会去操练，直到他们在使用的过程中形成正确的语言习惯。
2. 重视学生已有的知识经验
苏霍姆林斯基的最近发展区理论告诉我们，教学过程中要注意学生学习上的最近发展区，形象地说就是要让学生"跳一跳，够得着"，这也正是新课程改革所强调的，教学要重视学生已有的知识经验，并在此基础上实现学生知识的"正迁移"，促成学生掌握新的知识。
因此，在英语教学过程中，我反复教育学生，要学会用学习语文的成功经验来学习英语，毕竟语言有很多地方是共通的。例如，在教学国际音标时，我就引导学生将其与小学学过的汉语拼音对照着学习，先回顾朗读拼音字母，让学生掌握每个拼音字母的发音，并参照着学习掌握英语音标的发音(如下图)。
汉语拼音 （英语）国际音标 例词
【韵母】 【元音】
aˉ
a?
aˇ--------------------------/a:/------------- dark
a?--------------------------/∧/------------- duck
【声母】 【辅音】
b /b/ --------------- big back
p ----音标发音近似拼音发音去/u?/音---- /p/ ---------------- pig pack
m /m/
再比如音标的拼读，也引导学生借鉴汉语拼音的拼读方法，如借鉴汉语"嘿hei"、"嗨hai"学会英语单词"hey /hei/"、"Hi /hai/"的拼读。同时，为了让学生感受到英语音标发音与汉语拼音拼读的共同点，我给学生讲了下面的这个笑话：
话说有两个乞丐沿街乞讨，一个是四肢健全的瞎子，一个是腿脚残疾的明眼人，两人都深感残疾给他们乞讨带来的不便。为此两人决定进行合作，由瞎子背着腿脚残疾的那个，腿脚残疾的那个给瞎子乞丐指路，两人四处游走乞讨，两个人的乞讨收入比以前好多了。一天两人正沿街乞讨，收获颇丰，走着走着，忽然听到背上的那个乞丐急促的唱到”gou gou gou”,背人的那个瞎子乞丐心想，伙伴今天心情不错嘛，还唱起歌”go go go”来了，于是他马上接唱道：“Go, go, go，Ale, ale, ale”。背上的那个乞丐更急了，“gou gou gou”，背人的那个瞎子乞丐继续接唱“GoGoGoGo，Here we go!” 结果，两人扑通一声一起掉沟【gou】里去了。这就是英语单词Go /g?u/与汉字‘沟’（gou）同音带来的误会。
三、（老师）学习方法的指导
中国有句古话叫“授之以鱼不如授之以渔”，说的是传授给人既有的知识，不如传授给人学习知识的方法。我们要引导学生进行自主学习，培养其自主学习、终身学习的能力，平时在教学过程中就要加强对其进行方法指导。当他们掌握了方法、掌握自主学习应具备的基本功，他们才能够真正有效地进行自主学习。
例如，很多学生背记单词都是采用字母拼读法，比如，背记book这个单词，他们往往是"b-o-o-k,book"这样记，当单词数量放大之后，这种记忆方法的弊端马上显现出来，很容易出现增减字母或者字母次序混淆的现象，而英语单词，细微的字母差别，可能单词天差地别。比如，"god"和"dog"，如果字母拼读法，单词量一多，学生很可能都分不清到底哪个单词是"上帝"哪个是"狗"。因此，我反复和学生讲，背记单词要采用发音拼读法，即根据发音规律去掌握单词的拼写。此外，我还告诉学生，英语单词的学习要注意融入语境，因为英语有很多约定俗成的表达，剥离了具体得语言环境，很容易出现谬误。比如，你不能把"How are you"、"How old are you?"当中的单词一个一个剥离开来，自己逐个查单词，翻译成"怎么是你?"、"怎么老是你？"，看似很通，其实谬矣。再比如，rain cats and dogs 的含意为"下倾盆大雨" 而不是什么"下雨猫和狗"。
让学生做情景对话时，有的学生担心自己发音不准、表达不流畅而推说“我不会”，我就和他们讲：“你不会，所以才要学、要练，你说得不够好，是因为你还练得不够，像"how are you " 、"how do you do" 、 "sorry, I don’t know" 你们就可以说得很好，而你们的父母可能一句都说不出来，因为这些你们觉得简单的句子你们已经操练过多变遍。我们中国自古有云"书读百遍，其义自见",这道出了语言学习的真谛，那就是多练习朗读，用不了100遍，你就会有语感了，自然而然你就掌握了相关的表达方法。如鹦鹉学舌，模仿重复、多讲多练，就是学习英语的不二法宝，鹦鹉能够都学会说人话，难道我们还比不上一只鸟，学不好英语？”。
四、（学生）学习习惯的养成
在自主学习模式下，学生是自我指导、自我调节、自我激励的学习者，因此，良好的`学习习惯对促进学生自主学习至关重要。学生由于其年龄身心发展特点，其习惯的养成，需要教师不懈地指导、监督，促使学生自我对照检查、强化。以下几个方面的习惯是英语学习过程中要努力养成的：
⑴课前预习的习惯。
预习是培养学生自主学习能力的最有效的手段。预习可以培养学生的观察能力、思维能力、想象能力和发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力。
⑵及时复习的习惯。
课后复习是进一步消化理解，巩固记忆，把所学内容进行条理化、系统化的过程，也是与遗忘作斗争的过程，是搞好学习的一个重要环节。
⑶独立作业的习惯。
独立完成作业是学生经过自己独立思考，自觉灵活地分析问题和解决问题，进一步加深和巩固对新知识的理解和对新技能的掌握的过程。
⑷课外自学的习惯。
课外自学是一种内容可以自由选择、方式灵活多样的学习方式，是对学生课内学习的补充和延续。特别是英语这种课程，课堂上的知识容量、练习机会毕竟有限，更需要从课后自己通过电视、广播、网络等媒体创设相关的语言环境和实践练习机会。
⑸英语思维的习惯
英语学习最最重要的是英语思维习惯的培养。学生在学习英语过程中最大的障碍不是词汇，不是语法，不是句型结构，而是英语的思维习惯。如果我们在学习英语过程中无法领会英语思维的话，而用我们的中国人思维去遣词造句，必然只能说出来让老外摸不着头脑，只有中国人能听得懂的Chinglish。
比如，"我和汤姆将去看电影"我们不能直译成" I and Tom will go to see a film. "
再比如，面对别人的表扬和赞美，我们不能按照中国的思维习惯，表达谦虚，直译成"where,where(哪里，哪里) "或"No,No(不，不) "，而应遵循英语思维的表达习惯，回应一句"Thank you"。
结语
苏霍姆林斯基说过：“只有能够激发学生去进行自我教育的教育，才是真正的教育”。我们教育学生最终就是要培养学生自我教育、自我发展的能力。因此，世纪之初，面对新课程改革的要求，我们应充分发挥教师的主导作用，在教学过程中利用多种策略去激发学生的学习兴趣、信心，指导他们养成良好的学习习惯，培养、发展他们的自主学习能力，从而让每一个人都能够适性发展，更好地适应社会、时代发展的要求。
参考文献
①朱慕菊.走进新课程—与课程实施者对话[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社，2002
②教育部基础教育司. 基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社，2001
③教育部基础教育司.全日制义务教育普通高级中学英语课程标准[S]. 北京：北京师范大学出版社，2001
④庞维国.论学生的自主学习[M].北京：教育科学出版社，2001
英语高考写作备考 “三十六计”的英文表达
高考临近，以下是“三十六计”的英文表达，希望对大家有所帮助！
瞒天过海crossing the sea under camouflage
围魏救赵relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei
借刀杀人killing someone with a borrowed knife
以逸待劳waiting at one’s ease for the exhausted enemy
趁火打劫plundering a burning house
声东击西making a feint to the east and attacking in the west
无中生有creating something out of nothing
暗渡陈仓advancing secretly by an unknown path
隔岸观火watching a fire from the other side of the river
笑里藏刀covering the dagger with a smile
李代桃僵palming off substitute for the real thing
顺手牵羊picking up something in passing
打草惊蛇beating the grass to frighten the snake
借尸还魂resurrecting a dead soul by borrowing a corpse
调虎离山luring the tiger out of his den
欲擒故纵letting the enemy off in order to catch him
抛砖引玉giving the enemy something to induce him to lose more valuable things
擒贼擒王capturing the ringleader first in order to capture all the followers
釜底抽薪extracting the firewood from under the cauldron
混水摸鱼muddling the water to catch the fish; fishing in troubled waters
金蝉脱壳slipping away by casting off a cloak; getting away like the cicada sloughing its skin
关门捉贼catching the thief by closing / blocking his escape route
远交近攻befriending the distant enemy while attacking a nearby enemy
假途伐虢attacking the enemy by passing through a common neighbor
偷梁换柱stealing the beams and pillars and replacing them with rotten timbers
指桑骂槐reviling/ abusing the locust tree while pointing to the mulberry
假痴不癫feigning madness without becoming insane
上屋抽梯removing the ladder after the enemy has climbed up the roof
树上开花putting artificial flowers on trees
反客为主turning from the guest into the host
美人计using seductive women to corrupt the enemy
空城计presenting a bold front to conceal unpreparedness
反间计sowing discord among the enemy
苦肉计deceiving the enemy by torturing one’s own man
连环计coordinating one stratagem with another
走为上decamping being the best; running away as the best choice
高中英语学习方法：高中英语经典句型
【摘要】鉴于大家对高中频道十分关注，小编在此为大家搜集整理了此文“高中英语学习方法：高中英语经典句型”，供大家参考!
高中英语学习方法：高中英语经典句型
高考英语经典句型帮你闯过写作和语法关
1、as 句型：
(1) as引导方式状语从句句型：“按照……;正如……”
例：We do farm work as the old peasant teaches us.
As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south. 正如(像) 你们国家一样，我们北方种植小麦，南方种植水稻。
(2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ;
否定式：not as/so --- as
例：He is as good a player as his sister.
他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。
(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于……
例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said.
她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。
(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于……
例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.
他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。
(5) such --- as--- 象……之类的…… (接名词或定语从句)
例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.
他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。
(6) the same +名词+as 和……一样的…… (接名词或定语从句)
例：He is not the same man as he used to be 他不是从前的那样子了。
(7) as 引导非限制性定语从句
例：As is known to us, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量。
(8)引导时间状语从句。与while意义相近
例：We get wiser as we get older. 随着我们长大，我们也变得越来越聪明。
(9) 引导原因状语从句，与because的用法相近
例：As it was getting very late, we soon turned back.
因为越来越迟了，所以我们不久就回来了。
(10) 引导让步状语从句
例：Child as he is, he knows much about science.
尽管他是一个小孩，但他对科学了解得很多。
2、prefer 句型：
(1) prefer to do sth
例：I prefer to stay at home. 我宁愿呆在家里。
(2) prefer doing sth
例：I prefer playing in defence. 我喜欢打防守。
(3) prefer sb to do sth
例：Would you prefer me to stay? 你愿意我留下来吗?
(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……宁愿…...而不愿.…".
例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out
我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去.
(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth
例：I prefer watching football to playing it.
我喜欢看篮球，不喜欢打篮球。
(6) prefer sth to sth
例：I prefer tea to coffee. 我要茶不要咖啡。
3、when 句型：
(1) be doing sth ---- when ---
例：He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
他正笑着的时候门突然开了，他妻子走了进来。
(2) be about to do sth --- when ---
例：We were about to start when it began to rain.
我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。
(3) had not done sth --- when ---/ hardly --- when ---
例： He had not fallen asleep when the telephone rang.
他刚要入睡电话就响了。
(4) had just done ---- when ---
例：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.
在劳累了一天之后我刚刚就寝，电话铃就响了。
4、seem 句型：
(1) It +seems + that从句
例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied. 看来好像每个人都很满意。
(2) It seems to sb that ---
例：It seems to me that she is right. 我看她是对的，
(3) There seems to be ----
例：There seems to be a heavy rain. 看上去要有一场大雨。
(4) It seems as if ----
例：It seemed that she couldn't come to class.看样子她不能来上课了。
5、表示“相差……;增加了……;增加到……”句型：
(1) She is taller than I by three inches. 她比我高三英寸
(2) There is one year between us. 我们之间相差一岁。
(3) She is three years old than I 她比我大三岁。
(4) They have increased the price by 50%. 他们把价格上涨了50%
6、what 引导的名词性从句
(1) what 引导主语从句
例：What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.
让我吃惊的是每个人似乎对她都很冷淡.
[ indifferent adj.不关心的;冷漠的]
(2) what 引导宾语从句
例：We can learn what we do not know. 我们能学会我们不懂的东西。
(3) what 引导表语从句
例：That is what I want. 那正是我所要的。
(4) what 引导同位语从句
例：I have no idea what they are talking about. 我不知道他们正在谈论什么.
7、too句型：
(1) too...to do sth.
例：Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.
(=Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians.)
政治太重要了，不能由政治家来决定。
(2) only too --- to do sth
例：I shall be only too pleased to get home. 我要回到家里就非常高兴。
(3) too + adj + for sth
例：These shoes are much too small for me. 我穿这双鞋太小了。
(4) too + adj + a + n.
例：This is too difficult a text for me. 这篇课文对我来说太难了。
(5) can't … too +形容词 无论……也不为过
例：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
8、where 句型：
(1) where 引导的定语从句
例：This is the house where he lived last year. 这就是他去年住过的房子。
(2) where 引导的状语从句
例：Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者事竟成。
He left his key where he could find.他将钥匙放在易找到的地方。
I will go where I want to go.我要去我想去的地方。
(3) where 引导的表语从句
例：This is where you are wrong. 这正是你错的地方。
注：引导状语从句的where= 介词+the place where (定语从句)
例：Go where(ver) you are most needed.到最需要你的地方去。
9、wish 句型
(1) wish that sb did sth 希望某人现在做某事
例：I wish I were as strong as you. 我希望和你一样强壮。
(2) wish that sb had done sth 希望某人过去做某事
例： I wish you had told me earlier 要是你早点告诉我就好了。
(3) wish that sb would/could do sth 希望某人将来做某事
例：I wish you would succeed this time. 我希望你这次会成功。
10、would rather 句型：
(1) would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿做……
例：She would rather die than turn against his motherland.
她宁可死也不去背叛祖国。
(2) would rather have done sth 宁愿过去做过某事
例：I would rather have taken his advice. 我宁愿过去接受他的意见。
(3) would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人过去做过某事
例：I would rather I had passed the examination last week.
我真希望通过上星期的考试
(4) would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人现在或将来做某事
例： Who would you rather went with you? 你宁愿谁和你一起去?
11、before 句型：
(1) before sb can/ could … 某人还没来得及……
例：Before I could get in a word ，he had measured me.
我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸
(2) It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间……
例：It will be 4 years before he graduates. 他还有四年时间变毕业了。
(3) had done some time before (才……)
例：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
我们航行了四天四夜才见到陆地。
(4) had not done --- before --- 不到……就……
例：We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
我们还没走到一英里路就觉得累了。
(5) It was not +一段时间+ before 不多久就……
例：It wasn’t two years before he left the country.
还没到两年他们离开了那国家。
12、强调句型：
(1) It is /was +被强调部分+that(who)...
例：It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday.
是我昨天给我叔叔写信的。
(2) Is/was it + 被强调部分 + that (who) ...
例：Was it your brother that you met in the street?
在街上你遇见的是你兄弟吗?
(3) Where/who/what/how等特殊疑问词 + is/was it that ...
例：How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?
明天你究竟怎样去看望她?
(4) do +谓语动词 (强调谓语)
例：They do know the place well. 他们的确很熟悉那个地方。
13、用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的句型：
(1) should like to/ would like to/ would love to have done sth.
例：You should like to have written to your mother.
你本应当给你母亲写信。
(2) was / were going to do sth.(用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么)
例：Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.
Lucy 原打算看一场篮球比赛。
(3) was / were going to have done sth. 表示未完成原来的计划和安排
例：Lily was going to have cleaned her bedroom, but she had no time.
Lily 原打算清理她的卧室，但她没时间。
(4) expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think,
want, wish ...
常用过去完成时态,在这些词后接宾语从句或者接不定式的一般形式;
或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完成形式表示过去未曾实现的愿望
例：She had supposed him to be very rich. 她原以为他很有钱。
(5) wish that …had done sth.表示过去未曾实现的愿望.
例：I wish he had been here yesterday. 要是他昨天在这儿就好了。
(6) 情态动词should ,would, could, might, ought to等后接不定式的完成时，
表示过去本该做，打算做，想做而未做的事情.
should have done =ought to have done 本应该做而没做
would have done = 本来就会去做某事而没做
could have done = 本可以做某事而没做
might have done 本可以做而没做
例：They ought to have apologized. 他们本该道歉的。
14、倍数句型：
(1)倍数+比较级+than...，
例：The room is twice larger than that one.这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。
There is 30 times greater chance of being hit by lightening than being attacked by a shark.
(2)倍数+as+原级+as...，
例：The room is three times as large as that one.
这个房间是那个房间的三倍。
(3)倍数+the size /height/length /weight /width of...
例：The room is three times the size of that one.
这个房间是那个房间的3倍大。
15、 It is ------ that ---- 句型
(1) It is + 名词 + 从句
It is a fact/an honour --- that +陈述语气从句
例：It is a fact that the earth moves around the sun.
地球围绕太阳转是事实。
It is a pity/shame/no wonder that + 虚拟语气从句
例：It is a pity that he should not come. 他若不来可真是遗憾。
(2) It is + 形容词 + 从句
It is natural/important/necessary/strange that + 虚拟语气从句
例：It is important that enough money be collected to fund the project.
重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。
It is obvious/apparent/clear that + 陈述语气从句
例：It is clear that she doesn't like the dress at all.
这很清楚她一点儿也不喜欢这条裙子。
(3) It + 过去分词 + 从句
It is generally/commonly believed /accepted/thought/held that ...
+陈述语气从句
例：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
It is suggested/ordered/desired/requested/decided that +虚拟语气从句
例句：It is suggested that we should hold a meeting next week.
建议我们下周开上会。
16、It + 不及物动词 + 从句
(1) It seems that
例：It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.
看来Alice根本就不准备来参加聚会了。
(2) It happened that...……很偶然.
例：It happened that I won the football lottery last week.
我上星期偶然中了足彩
(3) It occurred to sb that...
例句：It suddenly occurred to me that I knew how to solve that problem.
我突然想起我知道怎样解决那个问题.
(4) It appears that....
例： It appears that Tom might change his mind. 看来汤姆会改变主意。
17、比较句型：
(1)原级比较：
例：English is not so difficult a subject as Russia.
英语不是和像俄语一样难的科目。
Their bones are not as thick as adults’.
他们的骨头和成年人的不一样厚。
(2)一方超过另一方：
例：The weather of this year is a lot hotter than that of last year.
今年的气候比上一年的气候要热得多。
(3)一方不如另一方：
例：The restoration was so bad that it made some of the buildings less secure than they had been before.
修复工作是如此的糟，以致于它使得一些建筑没有以前安全了。
(4) The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~
The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~
(愈...愈...)
例：The harder you work, the more progress you make.
你愈努力，你愈进步。
The more books we read, the more learned we become.
我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。
(5) more…. than…与其说…倒不如说
例：Smith is more diligent than intelligent.
与其说Smith聪明倒不如说他勤奋。
(6) no +形容词比较级+ than = as +形容词的反义词+ as
例：I am no better at English than you. 我的英语不比你好。
(7) that 在前后比较中代替不可数名词和特指的单数可数名词
例：The traditional picture of St Nicholas is quite different from that
of Father Christmas.
(8) one 在前后比较中代替泛指的单数可数名词。
例：I prefer a flat in Beijing to one in Nanjing, because I want to live near
my Mom's. 与南京相比我更喜欢在北京有一套公寓，因为我想跟我妈妈住一起。
(9) those 在前后比较中代替 特指的复数可数名词。
例：Salaries are higher here than those in my country.
这儿的工资比我们国家的高。
(10) ones 在前后比较中代替泛指的复数可数名词
例：Cars do cause us some health problems --- in fact far more serious ones
than mobile phones do.汽车确实给我们的身体健康带来问题，事实上比手机造成的问题更严重。
18、感叹句型：
(1) What a + Adj + N + S + V!
例：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
信守我们的诺言是多么的重要啊!
(2) How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么...!)
例：How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
遵守诺言是多么重要的事!
(3) How + S + V!
例句：How I want to go to Beijing. 我多么想去北京啊!
19、表法猜测的句型：
(1) must have done sth 一定做过某事 否定形式：can't have done
例：She must have come here last night. 她一定是昨晚来的。
She can't have gone there 她不可能到那儿去。
(2) may have done sth 可能做过某事 否定形式：may not have done
例：Philip may have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
Philip 可能在这次车祸中伤得很严重。
(3) might have done sth 或许做过某事 否定形式: might not have done
例：She might have known what the bottle contained.
她或许知道这个瓶子里装的是什么。
(4) should have done sth 估计已经做了某事
否定形式：should not have done
例：She should have arrived in her office by now.
她此刻估计已经到达办公室了。
20、动词不定式常用句型：
(1) It takes / took / will take sb. some time / money to do sth.
某人花/花了/将花多长时间/多少钱做某事.
例句：It took me years of hard work to speak good English.
为了讲一口流利的英语,我花了多年时间刻苦操练.
(2) It is + adj +for/of sb to do sth
例：Lincoln said that it was not right for the South to break away from the
Union. 林肯说南方脱离联邦是不对的。
It was careless of Tom to break the cup.
(3) Sb. have / has / had no choice but to do... 某人除了做……别无选择.
例句：We had no choice but to take a taxi for we'd missed the last bus.
由于错过了最后一班公共汽车,除了乘坐的士,我们别无选择.
(4) It's not /just like sb. to do sth.……的行为不/正像某人的一贯作风.
例：lt's not like Jim to be late for class. He regards time as the most
important thing in life.
上课迟到不像吉姆的一贯作风,他把时间看作是生命中最重要的.
(5) ....形容词/副词+enough to do sth.
例：I was fortunate enough to travel to South Africa..
(6) It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)
例句：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。
(7) It cost sb some time/money to do sth
例：It must cost a good deal to live here.住这儿一定会花很多钱的。
(8) do all he could to do sth
do what he could to do sth
do everything he could to do sth
例：They were doing everything they could to help the fatherland.
他们在尽最大努力去帮助祖国。
(9) It is hard to imagine/ say … 很难想象/说……
例：It is hard to imagine how Edison managed to work twenty hours each
day. 很难想象爱迪生每天是怎样工作20小时的。
It's hard to say whether the plan is practical.
这个计划是否实际很难说。
21、动名词常用句型：
(1) ...have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time (in) doing sth.
(有困难做某事)
例：People from the two countries do not have any difficulty in
understanding each other.
来自那两个国家的人们在相互理解上是没有困难的。
(2) upon/on doing sth, 一……就……
例：Upon / On hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he
couldn't say a word.
一听到这个出乎意料的消息，他惊讶到说不出话来。
(3) There is no/some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
例：There is no difficulty in solving this social problem.
解决这个社会问题毫无困难。
(4) There is no need/use harm/hurry in doing sth
例：There is no need in sending such expensive present.
没有必要送这样贵重的礼物。
(5) spend some time/money (in) doing sth
例：They say children spend too much time chatting and playing games instead of focusing on their school work.
他们说孩子们花太多的时间在闲聊和玩游戏上，而不是集中在学习上。
(6) It's no use / good/ worth doing sth
例：It’s no use talking with him. He won’t listen to you.
跟他谈没用，他不会听你的。
(7) It's a waste of time/money/energy doing
例：It's a waste of time watching TV programme as this.
22、as if/though 句型：
例：He spoke to me as if I were deaf.
他那样给我说话，就像我是聋子似的。
The new students talked as though they had been friends for years.
新来的学生们说话很亲热，就像多年的老朋友似的。
23、‘IF’虚拟条件句
(1) 与过去事实相反
例：If the man had pointed with his first finger while he was in Brunei, everyone would have thought that he was very rude.
在Brunei，如果那人用第一个手指指着的话，那人人都会认为他很不礼貌。
(2) 与现在事实相反
例：If I were in your position, I would call the police immediately.
如果我处在你的位置，我会立即打电话给警察。
(3) 与将来事实相反
例：If I had (should have) time tomorrow, I would certainly help you.
如果我明天有空的话，我当然会帮助你的。
(4) 虚拟条件句中的倒装：
例：Should it rain, the crops would grow better.
如果天下雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。
Were I your father, I would not give you the money.
如果我是你父亲的话，我就不会给你那钱了。
Had it not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk
如果不是那船长的话，那船就会沉没了。
24、Not --- until 句型
(1) 陈述句 not --- until --- 直到……才
例：Last night I didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock. 昨晚我11点钟才睡觉。
(2) 强调句 It wasn't until…that... 直到……才…….
例：It wasn't until yesterday that I got your letter.
我直到昨天才收到你的来信.
(3) 倒装句 Not until...did... 直到……才…….
例：Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我开始工作,我才意识到我已蹉跎了很多岁月.
25、since 句型：
(1) Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式
例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
(2) It is + --- + since S +持续性谓语动词(表否定)
例：It is three years since she lived here. 她已三年不住这儿了。
(3) It is + --- + since S + 瞬间谓语动词(表肯定)
例：It is years since I stopped smoking).我戒烟已经数年了。
26、If only...! 真希望……!若是……那该多好啊!
(1) 谓语动词用过去式表现在：如：
例：If only I knew his name! 要是我知道他的名字就好了。
(2) 谓语动词用过去完成时表过去：如：
例：If only we had followed your advice! 我们要是采纳你的意见就好了。
(3) 谓语动词用could/would表将来：如：
例：If only I could see him again! 要是我能再看到他多好啊!
If only she would accept my invitation!
要是她接受我的邀请该多好啊1
27、让步状语从句：
(1) Adj./n./adv. + as/ though+ Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~ (虽然...)
例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means
satisfactory.
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
(2) No matter what等特殊疑问词... …无论什么…….
例句：No matter what happens, I'll always stand by you.
不论发生什么事,我都永远支持你.
(3) However + adj/adv + S + V, 尽管……
例：You won't be able to do it alone, however much you try.
不论你多努力，你一个人也做不来。
(4) whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever + S + V，无论什么/哪里……
例：Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
(5) whether … or not
例：Whether you like it or not, you'll have to do it.
不管你喜欢不喜欢，你必须做这件事。
(6) even if/though
例：Even if/Even though the exercise is very difficult, you must do it.
即使那练习很难，你都必须做。
28、违反常规的冠词位置句型：
(1) so/as/that/too/how +adj. + a/an + n.
例：He is as good a student as you. 他和你一样是个好学生。
This is too difficult a problem for me.对我来说这是一个太难的问题。
You can hardly imagine how clever a boy he is.
你几乎想象不到那孩子有多聪明。
(2) quite/rather/what/such/many + a/an +(adj) +n
例：She sang quite a beautiful song. 她的歌唱得很漂亮。
He was such a fool as to believe what she said.
他是这样的一个笨蛋以致于相信了她说的话。
(3) all/both/half/twice the + n
例：All the students in her class like her very much.
她班上所有的学生都喜欢她。
29、表示最高级的句型：
(1) Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V
Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
例：Nothing is more important than to receive education.
没有比接受教育更重要的事。
(2) no one (nobody, nothing)+so/as+原级+as
例：Nobody is so blind as those who will not see.
没有人像那些视而不见的人如此的瞎了。
(3) 比较级+than+any other +名词单数
比较级+than +anything(anyone)else
比较级+than + any of the others
例：Bamboo probably has more uses than any other plant in the world.
(4) 否定词 +比较级
例：It can’t be worse. 这是最糟的
I can’t agree any more.我非常同意。
(5) be the last ----
例：This is the last thing I want to do. 这是我最不想干的事。
30、more --- than 句型：
(1) more --- than 与其……不如……
例：He is more lazy than slow at his work.
= He is less slow than lazy at his work.
在工作上与其说他慢不如说他懒。
(2) more than 超过;不仅仅是;非常
例：These flags are more than just colorful pieces of cloth and thread sewn together. 这些旗子不只是不同颜色的布料和丝线逢在一起。
(3) not more than 最多，不超过
例：They finished the project in not more than one year.
在不超过一年的时间内，他们完成了那项工程。
(4) no more than 仅仅
例：The officials could see no more than the Emperor.
那些官员能看到的仅仅是皇帝。
31、形式宾语与宾语补语句型：
(1) 形式宾语代动词不定式
例：I think it necessary to explore the space. 我认为探索太空是有必要的。
(2) 形式宾语代从句
例：They found it strange that no one would take the money.
他们感到很奇怪谁也不要这一笔钱。
(3) 过去分词做宾语补语表示宾语被动的动作：
例：I had my pen stolen. 我的笔被偷了。
(4) 现在分词做宾语补语表示宾语正在进行的动作。
例：They found her lying in bed reading a novel.
他们发现她躺在床上看小说。
(5) 以名词(间或可用代词)作宾语补足语：
例：In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for his
revolutionary work.
1849年他到了英国，并且把伦敦作为他的革命工作的基地。
I think him an honest man.我认为他是一个诚实的人。
(6) 介词短语做宾语补语：如：
例：I can't find him in the office.我在办公室外没有发现他。
(7) What do you find the hardest in... 你觉得……最大的困难是什么
例句：What do you find the hardest in learning English
你觉得学英语最大的困难是什么
32、特殊的条件句：
(1) Suppose/ Supposing ---, 假如……
例：Suppose/Supposing he is absent, what shall we do?
假如他缺席，我们怎么办?
(2) On condition that只要……;如果……
例：I'll come on condition that John is invited, too.
如果约翰也被邀请，我就来。
(3) provided (that)/ providing ----- 只要……
I will come provided (that) I am well enough. 只要我身体好，我一定来。
You may go out providing you do your homework first.
只要你先做作业，你便可以外出。
(4) so/as long as
例：As/So long as you work hard, you'll succeed in the end.
只要你好好干，终究会成功的。
(5) 祈使句+and + 陈述句(表肯定)
例：Give him an inch and he’ll take a mile.
(= If you give him an inch, he’ll take a mile. ) 他会得寸进尺的。
(6) 祈使句+ or/otherwise +陈述句 (表否定)
例：Start at once, or / otherwise you’ll miss the train.
(= If you don’t start at once, …)
(= Unless you start at once, you’ll miss the train.)
立即动身，否则你会错过那班火车的。
(7) …won't...unless... 除非……否则我不会…….
例句：I won't write to him unless he writes to me first.
我不会写信给他的,除非他先写给我.
33、特殊的比较句型：
(1) A differs from B in that…(A不同于B在于……)
例：She differs from her sister in the colour of her eyes.
她眼睛的颜色跟她姐姐不同。
(2) ...varies from person to person(……是因人而异的)
例：The opinion of the problem varies from person to person.
对这个问题的看法是因人而异的。
(3) A is superior(inferior) to B. A 优越于B
例：The modal is technically superior to its competitors.
这一款式在技术上优越于与之竞争的产品。
Some consider digital TV to be superior to satellite TV.
(4) be different from
例：Its meaning can be completely different from the meaning of its components. 它的意思有时候跟它的合成的意思完全不一样。
(5) be inferior to
例：Modern music is often considered inferior to that of the past.
现代音乐常被人认为不如过去的。
(6) A and B have sth in common. A 和B 有共同点。
例：The Japanese and Chinese cultures have a lot in common.
日本与中国的文化具有许多相同点。
34、必须背诵的There be 句型：
(1) There is no immediate solution to the problem .
对于这个问题没有立即的解决的方案。
(2) There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否认的...)
例：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad
to worse. 不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
(3) There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问,…….
例句：There is no doubt that health is better than wealth.
毫无疑问,健康胜于财富.
(4) There's no point in... ……是无意义的.
例句：There's no point in getting angry when things have happened.
对已发生的事生气是没有意义的.
(5) There's no way... ……绝不可能.
例句：There's no way one could succeed without hard work.
一个人不努力绝不可能成功.
(6) There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不...)
例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.
没有人不渴望上大学。
(7)There is no need/use/harm/hurry in doing sth
例：There is no need in spending money mending the broken car.
没有必要花钱去修理那破车了。
There is no use in regretting when time passed by.
时间过去了再后悔就没有用了。
There is no harm in using the environmentally friendly products.
用环保产品是没有害处的。
There is no hurry in running to school for time is still enough.
没有必要匆匆忙忙上学校，因为时间还充足呢。
(8) There no/some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth
例：There is no trouble in selling our car.
我们毫不费力地卖了我们的车。
35、time 句型：
(1) the first time 引导的状语从句
例：I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.
第一次我见到她时，觉得她很诚实。
(2) (the) next time 引导的状语从句
例：The harvest will have been got in (the) next time you come.
你下次来时，庄稼已收好了。
(3) the last time 引导的状语从句
例：What was the name of the hotel he had stayed in the last time he was
in Cairo? 他上次来开罗时往的那家旅馆叫什么来着?
(4) each time/every time 引导的状语从句
例：Every time you get back at night, you drop your shoes on the floor.
每次夜间回来，你总是把你的靴子朝地上一扔。
(5) It is /was the first/last/second /third time +从句(完成时态)
例：This is the first time I have been here 这是我第一次到这儿。
(6)It is high time that sb did (should do) sth 该……的时候了。
例句：It is high time that we went to the classroom.
该我们进教室的时候了。
(7) by the time + 从句 就在……时候;到……时候为止
例：We'll be ready by the time you get back.
你回来的时候，我们将准备好了。
(8) It's time for sb to do sth
例：It’s time for me to log off. 我该关机/下线了。
(9) It's time for sth
例：It's time for lunch. 午餐的时间到了。
36、几种重要的表语从句句型：
(1) The point is that ... 重点/关键是…….
例句：The point is that you have to keep your promise to help her with
her English. 关键是你得遵守诺言,帮她学习英语.
(2) The chance is that … 有可能……
例：The chance is that he will succeed. 他很有可能成功。
(3) The fact is that … 事实是……
例：The fact is that he hasn’t yet recover from illness.
事实是他还没有康复呢。
(4) The problem/question is that … 问题是……
例：The question is whether we should ask them for help.
问题是我们是否应该向他请求帮助。
(5)That is ---
例：That is where Lu Xun used to live. 这是鲁迅过去住过的地方。
37、几种重要的倒装句型：
(1) only 倒装句
例：Only with hard work can you expect to get a pay rise.
只有靠努力的工作你才能指望提高工资。
Only when he told me about the news did I know the truth.
仅仅当他告诉了我这消息我才知道真相。
(2) so 倒装句
例：So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.
时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
(3) such 倒装句
例：Such was the story he told. 这就是他讲的故事。
Such a well-known man is he that everyone wants to take a photo
with him.他是如此出名的人以致于人人都想和他拍照片。
(4)含有否定意义的词组提前
例：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
(5)介词短语提前
例：Outside the classroom stood an old man. 在教室的外面站着一位老人。
(6) 分词提前
例：Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing cards.
坐在地面上的是一群年轻人在打牌。
Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen.
躺在地板上的是一个17岁的男孩。
(7) not only --- but also 倒装句
例：Not only was the city polluted but the streets were crowded.
不仅那城市被污染了，街道也很拥挤。
Not only has aspirin saved many people’s lives by reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there are also other things that aspirin can help with. 通过消热止痛，阿斯片林不仅拯救了许多人的生命，而且还帮助了许多其它的事情。
38、so/such that句型
(1) so that (引导结果状语从句)结果……
例：We were late so that the teacher was angry.
我们迟到，使得教师生气了。
(2) so that = in order that (目的状语从句)以便，为了
例：I hurried so that I wouldn't be late for class.
为了上课不迟到，我匆忙起来。
In order that he should not be late, his mother woke him at 6.
为了使他不致迟到，他母亲在6点钟叫醒了他。
(3) so +形容词+(或a/an+ 名词)+that 如此……以致于……
例：I've been working so hard recently that I haven't had any time for
collecting new stamps. 我近来一直很忙，没时间搜集新邮票。
(4) such +名词(或an/a+形容词 + 名词)+--- that
例：It is such an unusual work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it
这是一个异乎寻常的艺术作品，人人都想看一看。
39、表示“也、同样”的句型
(1) too 用于肯定
例：I like the book, too. 我也喜欢这本书。
(2) also 用于陈述句
例：She also speaks a little Italian. 她也会说一点意大利语。
(3) either 用于否定句
例：Peter can't go and I can't either. Peter 不能去，我也不能。
(4) so 用于肯定的倒装句
例：You speak English well, so does he.
你的英语讲得很好，他讲得也不错。.
(5) neither/nor 用于否定的倒装句
例：I have never heard of such a thing, Neither has she.
我从来没有听说这件事，她也没有。
Tom didn’t finish his homework. Nor did Jane.
汤姆没有完成作业，Jane 也没有。
(6) as well 用于句末
例：He knows German as well. 他也懂德语。
(7) so it is/was with = so it is/was the same with 用于包含不同种类的动词
例：Jack is a student and studies in China. So it is with Green.
Jack是一个学生，在中国学习， Green也是如此。
(8) The same is true of……，
例：The music is dull and uninspiring, and the same is true of the acting.
那音乐单调，缺少激情;那表演也是如此。
(9) The same can be said of…… (……也是如此).
例：The same can be said of our country, also a developing one.
我们的国家也是如此，一个发展中国家。
40、几种重要的同位语从句：
(1) 由where 引导
例：The suggestion where we should build our new factory should be
considered. 那个我们应该在哪儿建造厂房的建议应该给予考虑。
(2) 由what引导
例：I have no idea what he did. 我不知道他做了什么。
(3) 由whether 引导
例：The question whether he’ll attend the meeting is not decided.
他是否会参加会议这个问题还没决定。
(4) 由who引导。
例：The question who will go abroad needs considering.
谁将去国外这个问题需要考虑。
(5) 由when 引导
例：I have no idea when they will be back and settle down.
我不知道他们什么时候回来定居。
(6) 由that 引导
例：The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very
good. 学生应该有很多练习，这个建议不错。
(7) 由how 引导
例：He can’t answer the question how he got the money.
他是怎样得到那钱的，他不能回答这个问题。
(8) 由why 引导
例: We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.
我搞不懂这个问题，为什么这是最好的选择。
41、whether 句型：
(1) It doesn't matter whether 是否……并没有关系
例：It doesn’t matter whether it is fine or not.
天气是否不错并有关系。
(2) It makes no difference whether 是否……没关系
例：It makes no difference whether you go today or tomorrow.
你是今天去还是明天去没多大区别。
(3) It is not made clear whether 是否……还不清楚
例：It is not made clear whether Lily will pass the exam.
还不清楚Lily是否会通过那场考试。
(4) It is still a question whether 是否……仍然是一个问题
例：It is still a question whether they are able to get enough coal this winter.
今年冬天他们是否能够得到足够的煤还是一个问题。
(5) It is not decided whether 是否……还没决定
例：It is not decided whether the sports meeting will be put off.
运动会是否会被推迟还没决定。
(6} It is to be found out whether 是否……有待于发现
例：It is to be found out whether there is other oil resources underground.
地下是否有石油资源还有待于发现。
(7) It is to be decided whether 是否……有待于决定
例：It is to be decided whether this idea can be put into practice.
这个想法是否能够实施还有待于决定。
(8) I doubt/wonder whether 我怀疑是否……
例：I doubt whether the new one will be any better.
我怀疑这个新的是否会好一点。
(9) have no idea/don't know whether 不知道是否……
例：I have no idea whether the traffic is terrible on that way.
我不知道那条路上的交通是否很糟。
(10) It depends on whether... 这取决于……是否…….
例句：It depends on whether you are determined to do it or not.
这取决于你是否决心要做这件事情.
42、with复合宾语句型
(1) with + n + adj.
例：He stared at me with his mouth open. 他张着嘴凝视着我。
(2) with + n + adv
例：The boy stood there, with his head down. 这男孩低着头站在那。
(3) with + n + 介词短语
例：He stood with his hand in his pocket. 他站着，一手插在衣袋里。
(4) with + n + 动词不定式
例：With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.
由于没有可谈话的人，John觉得很悲伤。
(5) with + n + 现在分词
例：With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.
由于物价迅猛上涨，我们买不起高当商品。
(6) with + n + 过去分词
例：With her eyes fixed on the opposite wall, she did not answer
immediately. 她的眼睛盯着对面的墙壁，她没有立即回答。
43、have 复合宾语句型：
(1) have sb do sth
例：I won't have you say such things. 我绝不会让你说这样的话。
(2) have sb doing
例：She will have you doing all the housework if you are're not carefully.
如果你再不小心的话，她就让你做全部家务。
(3) have sth done
例：I have my hair cut every six weeks. 我每六个星期剪一次头。
44、几个重要的目的状语从句句型：
(1) in case
例：He left early in case he should miss the last train.
他动身得早，以免误了最后一班火车。
(2) for fear (that)
例：He handled the instrument with care for fear (that) it should be
damaged. 他小心翼翼地摆弄那仪器，以防把它弄坏。
(3) so that
例：Let’s take the front seats so that we can see more clearly.
让我们坐到前面的座位上，以便能看得更清楚些。
(4) in order that
例：He got up very early so that/in order that he might/could catch the
early bus. 为了赶上早班车，他起了个大早。
45、几个难掌握的主语从句和宾语从句
(1) You may take whatever(=anything/everything that)you like.
你喜欢什么就拿什么。
(2) You may take whichever(=any) seat you like.
你想坐哪个位置就坐哪个位置。
(3) Whoever(=Anyone who) cuts the trees down must be punished.
任何一个砍树的人都必须受到惩罚。
(4) You may give the note to whomever(=anyone whom) you meet at the
office.
你可以把条子给你在办公室看到的任何一个人。
46、使用现在完成时和过去完成时的常用句型：
(1) since句型：主句用完成时
例：My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.
从1949年，我婶婶就一直在一家诊所工作。
(2) since when +完成时
例：Since when have you planted so many young trees?
从什么时候你种植了这么多小树的?
(3) This/it is the first (third...) time sb have done sth
例：This is the first time I have been here.这是我第一次到这儿。
(4) by…(到……为止)到过去某个时候为止用过去完成时，到现在为止
用现在完成时，到将来某个时候为止用将来完成时。
例：She will have finished the book by my next birthday.
到我下一个生日为止，我将完成那本书。
By eleven o'clock yesterday, we had arrived at the airport.
到昨天十一点止我们就已经到达机场了。
但比较：By the time the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners were seated.
就在主讲者进入大厅的时候，所有的听众都坐好了。
(5) in the past time( two days/years...) +完成时
例：In the past 10 years, there have been great changes in our family life.
在过去的十年里，我们的家庭生活发生了很大的变化。
(6) hardly ... when.... (no sooner ... than)句型用过去完成时
例：Hardly had I reached the school when the bell rang.
我一到学校，铃子就响了。
No sooner had we sat down at the table than the phone rang.
我们刚坐到桌子旁边电话就响了。
(7) 未实现的愿望打算等等用过去完成时
例：I had thought I could pass the final examination but I failed.
47、几种特殊的状语从句句型：
(1) everywhere 引导
例：Everywhere they went, they were kindly received / warmly welcomed.
他们每到一处就收到热烈的欢迎。
(2) anywhere 引导
例：We’ll go anywhere the Party directs us.党指向哪我们就去哪。
(3) the way 引导
例：She is doing her work the way I like it done.
她在用她喜欢的方法做她的工作。
(4) like 引导
例：The landlord was watching him like (= just as) a cat watches a mouse.
那地主监视着他就像猫监视老鼠一样。
(5) immediately引导
例：I didn’t wait a moment, but came immediately you called.
我一刻也没停留，你一打电话我就来的。
48、有关it的几个特殊句型 ：
(1) owe it to sb. that…把…归功于…
例：I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.
亏你帮忙，我才及时完成了工作。
(2) take it for granted that …想当然
例：I take it for granted that they will support this idea.
我认为他们会支持这个提议是理所当然的。
(3) keep it in mind that…
例：It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work.
一定要记住的是成功的秘密是努力的工作。
(4) It can be seen from the statistics that ...从这个统计可看出……
例句：It can be seen from the statistics that exercise is good for us.
从这个统计可以看出，练习对我们是有好处的。
(5). It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，
enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like,
see to, appreciate, stand 宾语从句紧跟it之后
例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can't.
我妒嫉你游泳那么好，而我不能。
I would appreciate it if you call me back this evening.
如果你晚上给我回电话,我会非常感激.
I can't stand it when people talk with their mouth full.
我无法忍受别人说话的时候满嘴食物.
(6). It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句紧跟it之后
(except that例外)
例：I'm for it that you will follow their advice.
我赞成你采纳他们的意见。
(7) It must be pointed out that 必须指出的是
例句：It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to
control population growth while raising the quality of the population.
一定要指出的是国家基本政策之一是在提高人口质量的同时控制
人口增长。
(8) It has been proved that… 有人已经证实……
例：It has been proved that his theory is right.
已经证明，他的理论是对的。
49、列举、说明句型：
(1) on the one hand --- ; on the other hand
(2) For one thing ---; for another thing ---
例：For one thing, these shoes don't suit you. For another, they are too
expensive. 一方面,这双鞋子并不适合你;另一方面,这太贵了.
(3) It is one thing to...; it is another to...
做这件事是一回事;做那件事是另一回事
(4) what's more ---; morever ---; furthermore ---
(5) Firstly ---; secondly ---; finally ---
(6) In the first place ---; in the second place ---
(7)First of all/to begin with ---; in addition/besides ---
50、总结句型：
(1) Through the above analysis(分析)
例：Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects outweigh the negative ones.
通过以上分析，我认为积极因素大于消极因素。
(2) To sum up,总而言之, …
例：To sum up, there are three ways of solving the problems.
决而言之，解决这个问题的方法有三条。
(3) In short... 总之……
例：In short, the students have not arrived at any agreement yet.
总之，学生们还没有达成一致的意见。
(4) In a word , it is clear that… 总之，很明显……
例：In a word, it is clear that smoking does harm to our health.
总之，很明显，抽烟对我们健康有害。
(5) On account of this we can find that … 由此我们可以知道…
例：On account of this we can find that it is not suitable for middle school students to have cell phones.
由此我们可以发现中学生持有手机是不合适的。
(6) In conclusion … 结论之, …
例：In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants’ lives.
结论之，我们必须理性地考虑这个问题，对农民的生活应给予更多的重视。
(7) All in all, it is obvious that …..总之，很明显……
例：All in all, it is obvious that the government should set up different kinds of schools to meet the demands of different children.
总之，很明显，政府应该建立多种不同的学校去满足不同孩子的需要。
(8) From what has been discussed above/taking into account all these
factors, we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reach the conclusion
that ...
从以上所讨论的东西来看/考虑到所有这些因素，我们完全可以得出这样
的结论……
例：From what has been discussed above/taking into account all these factors, we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reach the conclusion that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.
从以上所讨论的东西来看/考虑到所有这些因素，我们完全可以得出这样的结论，随着现代社会的进步，闲暇的生活方式正在减少，这未必是一件坏事。
【总结】2013年已经到来，高中寒假告示以及新的工作也在筹备，小编在此特意收集了寒假有关的文章供读者阅读。
更多频道：
浅谈高中英语教学中学生创造思维的培养
摘要：本文受陶行知先生“处处是创造之地，天天是创造之时，人人是创造之人”的启发，试图从营造创新环境、放飞学生心灵、变革材料内容、改变评价观念、开展课外活动等方面入手，谈新课改实践中学生创造思维的培养途径。
关键词：英语创造思维培养
推进新课程，实施素质教育，应以学生的发展为宗旨，以培养学生的创新思维能力实践为重点。以提高学生的整体素质，着重培养学生的语言为目的。而教学活动的所有形式都与学生的智力发展，首先是与创造性的发展联系在一起。教师不再是单一的知识的传播者、发号施令的权威，而是共同学习的参与者和帮助者；是教学活动的设计者、指导者，学生心灵的探索者；更重要的是学生创造能力的开发者。学生成为学习的主体，学生不再是外部刺激的被动接受者和知识灌输的对象，而是成为信息加工的主体，意义的构造者。那么，在英语教学中如何实施创新教育，开创新局面呢？下面是笔者的探索与思考。
一、营造创新环境，激发创新欲望。
从心理学的角度，罗杰斯提出，有利于创造性思维的一般条件是心理安全和心理自由。从本质上讲，创造性思维必定是异样的，当学生在心理上感到安全时，他就不会害怕表现，他可以在进行创造性思维时无须处于保守状态，从而保持“心理的自由”，充分表现而无须拘束。
在注重营造创新环境方面，罗伯特·麦瑞克（Robert Myrick）则认为，教学中有利于学生学习的因素有以下六种：关怀、理解、认同、尊重、友情和信任（Lynda Fielstein & Patrica Phelps, 2001）。
按照新课程对教师角色的要求，教师应当帮助学生制定适当的学习目标，并确认和协调达到目标的最佳途径，指导学生形成良好的学习习惯，掌握学习策略。创造丰富的教学环境，激发学生的学习动机。以平等的心态面对学生，以豁达、开朗、睿智、幽默去接受学生、感染学生。培养学生的学习兴趣，为学生提供多种便利，为学生的学习服务，努力建立一个接纳性的、宽容性的课堂气氛。
轻松、愉快、民主、和谐的学习气氛和环境对学习者的精神面貌、学习动机、自我形象会产生积极的影响。而积极、肯定的情绪会使学生的主动性、创造性得到发展，学生的思维会更活跃。因此，在教学中，教师要努力培养自身的心理素质，把真挚的爱用亲切、鼓励、信任、尊重的情感信息传递给学生，使学生体会到师生共同享有一片阳光的平等。使学生在积极参与教学活动中感受到自己是学习的主人。尤其要鼓励那些具有差异性、发展性的学生，使人人处在创造性思维的火花之中。
二、放飞学生心灵，培养创新思维。
创造性思维是以解决学习中所提出的疑难问题为前提，用独特新颖的思维方式，创造出新观点、新知识、新方法等心理过程。在英语教学中培养学生的创造性思维，必须改变单一发展学生聚合思维的做法，突破思维定势的束缚，以发散思维为切入点和突破口，唤醒学生的问题意识，激励学生的创新思维。
1. 教师巧设问题。在阅读教学中，笔者常常对材料的主旨大意、作者的意图与态度、人物的性格、文中暗含的意义等巧设问题，以培养学生通过已有知识进行创造思维。如：在“Modern Architecture”过程中，笔者穿插提问：
① What are the difference between ancient architecture and modern architecture?
② Why can we regard Antonio Gaudi as a modern architect?
③ If you were free to design your own dream house,what would that house look like?
2. 学生巧提问题。教师借助课文内容，把提问的权力交给学生，让学生展示其创造性思维能力的机会。如有的课文学了以后，让学生就课文内容互提互答问题，鼓励学生提思考性强、富有独创性的问题。如：在学习了 “Making a difference”一文后，学生提了许多问题，现摘录如下：
① Who is greater,Galileo or Zhang Heng?
② How did the discoveries of Galileo and Zhang Heng help us better understand the world?
③ What can we learn from the scientists?
④ If you were a scientist several hundred years ago,what would you do?
三、变革教材内容，运用创造思维。
变革教材内容就是从给定的情境迁移到新的情境中，引导学生把对某个问题的理解从课文中跳出来，在时间和空间上作出拓展性的延伸，注重联系实际来谈认识、说看法。如：学习了“Saving the earth”一文后，让学生结合我国长江、黄河流域的情况以及周边地区空气污染、水污染和噪声污染的情况，拿出自认为切实可行的改善环境的措施，使学生运用联系的观点透过现象看本质的分析问题的能力逐步提高。又如：在学了“No smoking,please!”一文后，要求学生运用所学的smoking 各方面危害的知识，给老师、父亲或亲朋好友写一封劝说戒烟的信。
四、改变评价观念，发展创新个性。
创新教学强调评价要具赏识性、激励性，要着眼于学生的成长与发展，对学生学习过程和结果给予更多的肯定、赞赏、表扬与鼓励。树立激励性评价的观念，能使教师对学生恰如其分地进行评价，创造出一种善意的环境，使学生产生热情向上的信心，从内心产生对学习的愉快的情感体验，如：在讨论式教学和开放性的作文评价中，我善于理解学生在讨论和作文中的思想和行为，捕捉其中的闪光点，欣赏他们的个性，鼓励他们发表新颖、独到的见解，为学生的创新个性的养成提供广阔空间。
五、开展课外活动，提高创新活力。
英语教学，亟待打开教室的大门，缩小课堂与生活的距离，让“源头活水”流进课堂。实践中笔者从以下几方面进行了尝试：
1. 演短剧。在学习了 “The Merchant of Venice”后，让学生自导、自演短剧。几人一组，寒暑假期间，让学生自找搭档、自编、自导、自演短剧，开学后进行汇报演出。通过短剧表演，学生体会了人物的性格和命运，培养了对文学艺术的审美能力和鉴赏能力，发展了自己的想象力和创造力。
2. 搞辩论。智慧只有在和智慧的碰撞中才会发出动人的火花，创造性思维也是如此。因此当一批富有个性的学生走到一起的时候，由于每个学生的起点不同，观察的角度不同，进行研究的方法不同，以及分析问题的水平不同，就必然会产生不同的，甚至对立的看法。因此每个学生个体间的切磋辩论使每个学生的大脑处于高度兴奋状态之中，每个参与者都能充分表达自己的意见，他们可以从各个方面、各个角度进行思路接触，每个学生个体都受到其他学生提到意见信息的刺激与启发，有利于激励创造性的设想，从而达到锻炼创造性思维的目标。为此，笔者经常组织学生举行辩论赛。如在学了“A new car factory”一文后，笔者出了这样一个辩题：Is it 高中物理 good or bad to build such a new car factory? Give your reasons. 又如学了“The secret is out!”后，把男女生分成正、反两方，对辩题 “Boy students study better than girl students”进行辩论，以此打开学生的话匣子，引导他们放言高论，畅所欲言，让学生说自己想说的话。
3. 搞调查。研究性学习是新课改倡导的学习方式。教材中涉及环境教育的题材很多。学习这方面的课文后，引导学生结合课文内容，调查周围环境污染的状况。自选角度、自拟题目，写出调查报告，提出自己的见解和构想。开展“我与自然”英语征文比赛。目的是放开学生的手脚，引导他们到生活的广阔天地去寻找“源头活水”，积累生活经验、丰富情感、扩大视野、增长见识、开阔襟怀、引发想象。
4. 编故事。编故事是有利于开发创造性思维的活动。学完一个单元后老师给出常用的词和词组，让学生用这些词和词组编一个故事，启开发学生心扉。中学生是一群生龙活虎、情感丰富的人，他们懂得观察当今丰富多彩的生活，因此其故事也是丰富多彩的。
除此之外，还开展编报纸、续故事、办晚会等课外实践活动，引发学生丰富的联想和想象，使创新充满活力。
一代教育大师陶行知先生说得好：“处处是创造之地，天天是创造之时，人人是创造之人。”只要我们教师善于探索、重在引导、贵在开窍，学生创造性思维的火花一定会熠熠发光。
参考文献：
1. 中华人民共和国教育部制订，英语课程标准（实验稿），北京师范大学出版社，2001 年；
2. Lynda fielstein & Patricia Phelps, 王建平等译，Introduction to Teaching: Rewards and Realities. 中国轻工业出版社，2002 年。
学习高中英语口语的十大误区
1、语法当先
说话、写作之前先想语法，惟恐语法有错，此为学校课堂死板的英语教学给学生留下的最严重的后遗症之一。
2、心理恐惧
听不懂更不敢说话，读不快也不敢写，惟恐语法有错导致心理上的畏惧，认为英语是高深莫测的学问，认为英语老师的思维方式才是惟一正确的思路，培养了许多考试高分，而真正运用英语低能的畸形学生。
3、学无致用
学习英语不是为了运用和表达，而是为了考试和过关，于是动机走偏结果是学得越多，丢得越多;没有把英语变成自己表达自己，与人交流的真正工具，事倍功半，浪费自己的时间和金钱。
4、落后陈旧
学了不少古董英语。任何语言都是“活”的语言，在每天发展新的词汇/意向/用法等，在不断丰富，不断进步，从这个意义上说，学习陈旧的语言毫无新鲜感不说，基本无处可用。
5、急用乱医
不少人在急用英语的情形下，只好囫囵吞枣，有病乱投医，不管学校学习方法是否适合自己，先上着再说，选择缺乏理性分析与思考，效果也就可见能有多好?
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